We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. A poem about napalm, reportedly written by members of the US First Air Cavalry, surfaced during the war. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. WAR AND RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 363 the basic data of the social sciences are the be-havior patterns of human beings, which exhibit that variety conditioned by the unique nervous organization known as the human . They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead; US Department of Defense. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. The Nation. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. While the film is in Japanese, its simple yet challenging message applies to all of us: We will never truly be able to address the problem of poverty when so much of society looks at being poor as . Military preparedness does not come cheap. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? This book has emphasized that children are often the innocent victims of various social problems from the time they are born, with important consequences for their futures. (2011). Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Although this is almost an unimaginable number, there is cause for some hope, even as there is also cause for despair. Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. (2012, January 2). Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . The issues and problems discussed so far in this chapter concern the nation's elementary and secondary schools in view of their critical importance for tens of millions of children and for the nation's social and economic well-being. (2012). The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . The Nation. Public, private organizations work to help thousands of homeless veterans in NY. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. SOC SCI 132. Question. Some relevant global social problems include income inequality (poverty), corruption, the rise in authoritarianism (erosion of democratic values), criminality, unsustainable development, and bullying in schools. As this brief discussion indicates, although the massacre of 347 Vietnamese at the hamlet of My Lai is undoubtedly the Vietnam massacre that is best known (and perhaps the only known) to the American public, massacres were far from rare and in fact were rather common. (2012, February 8). In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. Victims of military rape deserve justice. . This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. 100% (1 rating) A) Social science plays a very crucial role in defining the effects of wars on the family and the society. 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Identify two social science issues related to war. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of California Los Angeles Keiser University Choose one of the five social institutions. These issues are made complex particularly because of conflicting values concerning drug use within modern societies. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. One of the many sad truisms of war is that its impact on a society is greatest when the war takes place within the societys boundaries. This individualistic focus risks neglecting the core issue: the role of a social world, invariably targeted in war and yet still embodying the capacity of survivor populations to manage their suffering, adapt and recover on a collective basis. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. War Resisters League. Oscar Arias, a former president of Costa Rica and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, echoed these famous words from President Eisenhower when he wrote a decade ago that US military spending took money away from important domestic needs. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. Speier, J. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Within that society, characterize one of the social science principles we identified in this learning block. A popular explanation for war derives from evolutionary biology. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. . Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. Wheeler, W. T. (2009). 4 Units. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. According to this argument, war is part of our genetic heritage because the humans who survived tens of thousands of years ago were those who were most able, by virtue of their temperament and physicality, to take needed resources from other humans they attacked and to defend themselves from attackers. (2012, January 12). It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. By far, the most significant issue was poor leadership; 28% of . The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! I see glimpses of him, but hes not who he was (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. Wrangham, R. W. (2004). Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. A.I.D.E. Social studies is an integrated research field. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. (2012, January 8). The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Using the example of Mozambique, Guatemala and others, this paper will discuss the way in which . Turchik, J. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Resources, the environment, and conflict. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). Where your income tax money really goes. The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Killer species. Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. Ledbetter, J. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. New York Times, p. A1. What it means to be a democrat. She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). Epistemologically, scientific realism is (say, mainly) based on the idea that we generate theoretical entities to understand, describe, and discover a structure . Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Choose one of the five social institutions. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. Pinker, S. (2012). While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. Social science issues related to war. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. . This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Guns versus butter is a macroeconomics phrase that illustrates the dilemma that nations face in deciding their spending priorities. Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. Arias, O. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Social research can help solve them. To get a more accurate estimate of how many such crimes occur, sound social research is necessary. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Now, all I see is blood (Herdy & Moffeit, 2004, p. 4). Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. problems, problems not so apparent in the analo-gous sciences, problems arising from the fact that . NIJ's portfolio of social science research on forensic science was built in three "waves." To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1. Worrell, M. P. (2011). 1. tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. McKeon, H. P. B. The attention just given to civilians should in no way obscure or minimize the fact that veterans are also casualties of war. Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful. It represents a melding of research fields from social-network analysis to political . social science, any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. and the Russia-Ukraine War: A Collection Social Science Space is curating resources and publications relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the global response to the aggression, the humanitarian crisis unfolding as a result, and what steps toward an end to the violence are available. He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. . (2012, February 17). A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. Some verses follow. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. Here are the top 10 popular social issues of 2022. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. 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